Aung San Suu Ki

AUNG SAN SUU KI ABOUT Aung San Suu Kyi is a  Burmese  opposition  politician and  chairperson  of the  National League for Democracy  (NLD) in Burma. In the  1990 general election, the NLD won 59% of the national votes and 81% (392 of 485) of the seats in Parliament. She had, however, already been detained under  house arrest  before the elections. She remained under house arrest in Burma for almost 15 of the 21 years from 20 July 1989 until her most recent release on 13  November 2010, becoming one of the world's most prominent political prisoners.HOW SHE BACAME THE PERSON SHE IS Her father,  Aung San, founded the  modern Burmese army  and negotiated Burma's independence from the  British Empire  in 1947; he was  assassinated by his rivals  in the same year. She grew up with her mother,  Khin Kyi, and two brothers, Aung San Lin and  Aung San Oo, in Rangoon. Aung San Lin died at age eight, when he drowned in an ornamental lake on the grounds of the house. Her elder brother immigrated to San Diego, California, becoming a  United States citizen.After Aung San Lin's death, the family moved to a house by  Inya Lake  where Suu Kyi met people of very different backgrounds, political views and religions. Suu Kyi's mother,  Khin Kyi, gained prominence as a political figure in the newly formed Burmese government. She was appointed Burmese ambassador to  India  and  Nepal  in 1960, and Aung San Suu Kyi followed her there, she studied in the Convent of Jesus and Mary School, New Delhi and graduated from  Lady Shri Ram College  in New Delhi with a degree in politics in 1964.Suu Kyi continued her education at  St Hugh's College, Oxford, obtaining a B. A. degree in  Philosophy, Politics and Economics  in 1969. She worked at the  United Nations  for three years, primarily on budget matters. She earned a PhD at the  School of Oriental and African Studies,  University of London  in 1985. She was elected as an Honorary Fellow in 1990. For two years she was a Fellow at the Indian Institute of Advanced Studies (IIAS) in  Shimla, India. She also worked for the  government of the Union of Burma.Coincident with Aung San Suu Kyi's return to Burma in 1988, the long-time military leader of Burma and head of the  ruling party, General  Ne Win, stepped down. Mass demonstrations for democracy followed that event on 8 August 1988 ,which were violently suppressed in what came to be known as the  8888 Uprising. On 26 August 1988, she addressed half a million people at a mass rally in front of the Shwedagon Pagoda  in the capital, calling for a democratic government.However in September, a  new military junta  took power. Influenced by both  Mahatma Gandhi's philosophy of  non-violence and more specifically by Buddhist concepts, Aung San Suu Kyi entered politics to work for  democratization, helped found the  National League for Democracy  on 27 September 1988, but was p ut under  house arrest  on 20 July 1989. She was offered freedom if she left the country, she refused. One of her most famous speeches was â€Å"Freedom From Fear†, which began: â€Å"It is not power that corrupts, but fear.Fear of losing power corrupts those who wield it and fear of the scourge of power corrupts those who are subject to it. † She campaigned again and again to instill her countries faith in democracy and impose human right . She chose nonviolent paths to reach this goal that Burma too be a democratic country. HOUSE ARREST Aung San Suu Kyi has been placed under  house arrest  for 15 of the past 21 years, on different occasions, since she began her political career, during which time she was prevented from meeting her party supporters and international visitors.PRIZES Suu Kyi received the  Rafto Prize  and the  Sakharov Prize for Freedom of Thought  in 1990 and the  Nobel Peace Prize  in 1991. In 1992 she was awarded the  Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding  by the government of India and the  International Simon Bolivar Prize  from the government of Venezuela. In 2007, the Government of Canada made her an honorary citizen of that country; at the time, she was one of only four people ever to receive the honor. In 2011, she was awarded the  Wallenberg Medal.

‘Of Mice and Men’ by John Steinbeck Essay

‘Of Mice and Men’ is written by John Steinbeck. The novel is set in the 1930s during the great depression in California. The two protagonist characters, George and Lennie are farm workers who have a dream of one-day owning their own ranch. They find work in a ranch near Soledad, after escaping from Weed because of George’s incident. They are met by different characters on the farm that all have a dream. To be lonely means to lack friends or companionship and to feel isolated. Most of the characters are lonely and the only thing that keeps them alive is their dreams. Some of the loneliest characters they meet are Candy, an old man with only one hand, Crooks, a black cripple and Curley’s Wife, a woman who has no identity, she is lonely even though she is married. Although they are all on the ranch together, they are lonely because of who they are and their history. ‘Of Mice and Men’ is an emotional story with many different themes and characters. Steinbeck presents Curley’s wife as the only women in the ranch and because she doesn’t have a name it shows that she is not important and she is someone’s belonging. The first time you hear about Curley’s wife is when candy describes her to George. Candy uses expression such as â€Å"she got the eye† and goes on to describe her as looking at other man because of this they call her a â€Å"tart†. Through Candy’s words, we could develop an initial perception of Curley’s wife as Flirty and even promiscuous. This manipulates us by leading us into having a negative view of her. Her first appearance in the Novel focuses on her appearance. The way she acts, the way she looks and the way she speaks with others. The first sentence about her was â€Å"the rectangle of sunshine in the doorway cut off† this shows how she stands there to get attention and get noticed by the ranchers. This make us think as a reader in other way she stood in that certain place because she knows that they will look at her. Her physical appearance of â€Å"full†, â€Å"rough lips† and â€Å"wide-spaced eyes†,† Heavily made up† and â€Å"her fingernails were red† this shows how see got the natural shape on an actor. The â€Å"heavily made up† this shows that she want to make herself look attractive so the ranchers will look at her and feel love in her. The colour â€Å"red† shows that it’s a symbol of danger and on the other side the thick bright colours stands out from other things so this can make herself get noticed by others that is all she wanted. George seems to believe Candy he says to Lennie â€Å"don’t you even take a look at that bitch† this shows the feelings that George got towards Curley’s wife. She is lonely â€Å"stands there looking in† which shows she nothing to do and because of her loneliness she wanted to be loved by others so she acts like she is flirting. They say she is a â€Å"flirty† but it is the only way she knows how to get attention.

Politics & The English Language-By George Orwell Essay

1: Orwell’s thesis is somewhat stated, but also implied. His thesis is that any effect can become a cause, such that something that starts as an aid for a different ailment may eventually become detrimental. 2: Orwell’s analogy of the cause and effect of alcohol abuse to the demise of lanuage in paragraph two is very effective. It shows a chain reaction, where the person starts drinking alcohol to combat a problem in their live, but then the alcohol eventually leads to more difficult problems. 3: In Paragraph 4, Orwell uses a simile to compare â€Å"phrases tacked together† to â€Å"sections of a prefabricated henhouse†. That shows how prose consists of words that aren’t necessarily chosen for their meaning, but instead just because it’s easy. In Paragraph 12, Orwell uses a similie to compare someone â€Å"choking† to â€Å"tea leaves blocking a sink†, which shows how the author knows what he wants to say, but sometimes he has too many â€Å"stale phrases† in his head. In paragraph 15, Orwell uses a similie to compare â€Å"a mass of Latin words fall upon the facts† to â€Å"soft snow†, which blurs the outlines, and covers up the details. In paragraph 16, Orwell compares â€Å"his words† to â€Å"cavalry horses answering the bugle†, which create an analogy that is effective because both words and cavalry horses are powerful. 4: Removing the extensive uses of examples in paragraphs 5, 6, 7 and 8 weakens Orwell’s argument, and makes the passage less interesting and boring to read. The examples also aid Orwell’s credibility as a writer. 5: The additional information in the footnotes in paragraphs 7 and 8 serve to clarify and expand on his ideas. I believe that he made them footnotes, as opposed to putting the additional information right in the body of the essay, because putting the information in the body of the text would take away focus from what he was writing and the points he was trying to make. 6: Orwell may not have any doctoral qualifications to speak on language, but he establishes his ethos, his ethical appeal; by using an immense amount of examples. He should not of been more direct, he proved his point quite well in the way he already wrote the essay. 7: Orwell’s essay is organized quite exquisitely. He starts the essay with a few introductory paragraphs, then he lists 5 passages where what he just states applies, which is very good at proving his point. Then he speaks on four different sections: Dying Metaphors, Operators or Verbal False Limbs, Pretentious Diction, and Meaningless Words. He uses a ridiculous amount of examples throughout his essay. 8: Orwell’s purpose in writing the essay was to show how much language and wording can affect someone’s writing. His Post-WWII knowledge could aid the essay, because during WWII both sides (Axis & Allied) used propaganda to stress their point, and their propaganda used wording effects quite frequently to get their points across. 9: Orwell’s tone varies across the passage, but he is always trying to accomplish the same goal of the wording effect on language and writing.

Geography edit down to 500 words Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Geography edit down to 500 words - Essay Example Pythagoras asserted our planet, as part of a well-organized cosmos, has a spherical form. Plato represented a return to Pythagorus after the theories of Heraclites and Aristarchus were rejected, and Aristotle agreed with Plato’s model, with the correction that everything is material, consisting of mixtures of four elements. Strabo is most known for his Geographika, the first real encyclopedia of the ancient world while Claudius Ptolemy expanded Pythagorus’ ideas by theorizing the outer sphere rotates around the Earth each 24 hours and is approximately 10,000 Earth diameters from the centre. These early models and methods of thinking influenced the works of Ibn Haukal and Al-Biruni. Ibn Haukal traveled in Asia and Africa for 30 years and wrote â€Å"The Description of the Earth† describing people living in Spain, Italy and in the â€Å"Lands of the Romans† (Byzantine Empire). Al-Biruni calculated the latitude of Kath, Khwarazm, using the altitude of the Sun and wrote several books on geography, such as Cartography, where he explained the methodology of projecting a hemisphere on a plane. He also wrote works about astrolabe, decimal system, astrology and history and had calculated the radius of the Earth to be 6,399.6 kilometers (See Biruni from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia). During the medieval period (15-17th centuries), European ships traveled around the world and compounded the available maps thanks to great improvements in navigation, cartography and shipbuilding development. Many new trade routes were established, further pushing the development of natural science. The most significant travelers and explorers of this period are Christopher Columbus, Vasco da Gama, John Cabot, Henry the Navigator and Ferdinand Magellan (See Age of Discovery from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia). As the son of Portuguese King John I, Henry the Navigator was able to gather together navigators,

Aspects of Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Aspects of Psychology - Essay Example t on emotions. If the emotions were to be further classified as positive and negative emotions it may be said that my weekend was great. However I must recognise the role played by the people and situations in eliciting the emotions I expressed. For example, although my Friday began on a high note with a lot of expectation the misplacement of a bag threatened the day until friends stepped in supportively and with understanding were able to tolerate my negative emotions. I find the link in my emotional expressions to various theories explaining the origin and function of emotions in humans. For example James-Lange’s theory posits that physiological arousal in emotional expression is a result of stimulus from events around an individual and the expression is the conscious interpretation of the experience. This was expressed on Saturday when events seeme to work against my expected plan (Coon, 2009). Cannon-Bard in his theory on the other hand proposes that simulteneous emotional and physiological responses are caused by stimuli in the environment. I was surprised at the power of emotional support from people close to me because more than once in the three days it was able to restore me from negative emotions when things seemed not to favor me. The deloay of the bus elicited great anger that physiologically made me cry at the feeling of being let down and also letting down a friend. It may not be possible to explain with all theories but the theory by Schachter and Singer cannot be ignored because of its role in emotional classification. Although emotional and physiological responses are simultenous it may not be easy to manage them unless they are classified based on the arousal agent. This is best described in the diary from the notes indicated against each emotional response because I believe that the activities (stimuli) were responsible for the emotions. This is because of the subconscious and occasionally conscious cognitive appraisals I made from the events unfolding around me as put in the Lazarus theory. In overall assessment of aspects of my emotional expression in the three days can be best classified as cognitive, physiological and behavioral (Brannon, 1999). This classification may help shade more light on the exact meaning in the emotions, whether negative or positive. The table below summarizes a few of them: Emotion Cognitive Physiological Behavioral Joy When things were very pleasurable usually from positive surprises Shade tears I tended to talk a lot or simply whistle a tune or Anxiety Positively when I anticipated interesting experience Negatively when I anti

Religious Concepts in a Kantian Philosophy Essay

Religious Concepts in a Kantian Philosophy - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that Immanuel Kant was an immensely popular and influential philosopher in 18th century Germany, who produced a wide array of works on metaphysics, ethics, aesthetics, and, most relevantly, religion. Probably the most amazing aspect of Kantian philosophy is the completeness of his theoretical and practical philosophies—a distinction he himself used wonderfully in creating his set of works. The difference between pure and practical reason forms the need for his two most seminal works, Critique of Pure Reason and Critique of Practical Reason, the latter of which is more relevant to his consideration of religion. In that work and others, he fleshes out the difference between a constitutive picture of religious concepts and a regulative picture of religious concepts. Accepting the latter as a legitimate answer to one troubling antimony, Kant derives a critical philosophy which evaluates the notion of â€Å"religious knowledge†. Sc eptical of such a possibility, Kant endeavors to move religion into the realm of the non-cognitive such that claims to know what is beyond experience—the phenomenon—are immediately cast aside. The regulative approach to religious concepts Kant adopts the view that human beings should use the belief in God merely as a system of reward and punishment in morality. God, despite existing outside the realm of natural cause-and-effect, has the power to reward goodness and punish evil, thereby making human beings committed to being moral.

British Petroleum Company Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

British Petroleum Company - Assignment Example This paper highlights that Shareholders and owners of BP have the major influence on other stakeholders and business. The cost cutting process may also be a direct result of their emphasis on reducing expenses so that profitability could be improved. Managers are the people who have been trusted with the responsibility of managing the day to day affairs of the firm. Managers of BP are persons responsible for ensuring that the manufacturing facilities at its exploration facility are in conducive form and do not pose any threat to the life of labors or others. Managers interact with the business on daily basis because managing the business is their day to day job. They also interact with other stakeholders through annual general meetings, board meetings as well as interacting with government agencies. The decisions of the managers directly affect the business and the managers as in this case. Managers decided to cost cut and reduce the expenses however; this has resulted into the significant risk issues for the firm. From this paper it is clear that employees are the individuals who work for the organization against certain wages. Employees for BP are the people who work at its exploration facilities and were hurt in different incidents due to security and risk lapses. Business partners of the firm are those firms or individuals who do business with the firm i.e. suppliers of raw material as well other material. Business partners of BP are American government, different other suppliers who have provided it resources to extract the oil from its Texas oilfield. They can influence the business and other stakeholders to the extent of their involvement in the overall affairs of the firms. In terms of safety and risk, business partners can only be limited to the installation and maintenance services provided by them.  

Shakeaspear's Sonnets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Shakeaspear's Sonnets - Essay Example He says that when he thinks of the past, he remembers that he had sought many things then, and regrets that he had not been able to acquire any of those things by now. The use of words like ‘sigh’ and ‘lack’ accentuates his gloomy mood and unhappy thoughts. By saying ‘many a thing I sought,’ again the sense of unfullfilment and feeling of being in a deprived state are brought through to the reader. â€Å"And with old woes new wail my dear times’ waste†: Here he expresses that his thoughts about the old miseries, renews them afresh, and he â€Å"wails† his â€Å"dear times’ waste.† Once again the use of alliteration: starting the words ‘woes’, ‘wails’ and ‘waste’ with the same consonant ‘w’, emphasizes his expression of loss, and how it affected him to think that his precious time in the past had been wasted, as he lacked now many of those things that he had so ught then. The usage of ‘old’ and ‘new’ which are of opposite meaning, closely placed: ‘And with old woes new wail†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ is an example of Shakespeare’s stylistic expression. The second quatrain of the sonnet expresses the poet’s grief at the loss of ‘precious friends’. who he says are hidden in ‘death’s dateless night’. Again, the use of alliteration, i.e. repetition of the starting consonant ‘d’ in two consecutive words, adds to the rhythm of the line. The word ‘dateless’ alludes to the timelessness of death, which is eternal. The use of another poetic device ‘assonance’ is used to enhance the rhythm: i.e. similar vowel sounds in accented syllables, as the short ‘e’ sound in the words ‘precious friends.’ This is also seen in the beginning of the sonnet: ‘When to the sessions’ and ‘remembrance’. Also, the first and last words of the poem: When and end also have assonance, and serve the function of unifying the entire poem. The same tone of sad loss is repeated when he talks of weeping again over old

Tv channel comparison Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Tv channel comparison - Research Paper Example In our country Qatar, there are two main local channels which Qatar TV and AlRayyan TV. Each one of these channels has its own aesthetic features and ways of attracting audience. Qatar TV started broadcasting since 1970 while AlRayyan just started one year ago. Of course, given all those years in broadcasting, Qatar TV must have the greater experience. However, lots of arguments have been made by Qatari people that put AlRayyan TV, despites of its recent launch, on top of Qatar TV because of its greater closeness to the Qatari society, having better programs and broadcasters. In this regard, this study aims to clarify differences between these TV channels in terms of social and religious influence, quality of staff and quality of programs broadcasted in the perspective of Qatari people. A lot of people argue and have put AlRayyan TV, despites of its recent launch, on top of Qatar TV , which launched decades ago, because of its greater closeness to the Qatari society, having better pr ograms and broadcasters. Methods The design of this research is quantitative due to its structured format and due to the fact that it is testing a number of variables in a specific situation with the help of extensive previous studies as well as using both descriptive and analytical statistics when analysing field work data such as questionnaire. The research sample was taken from the Qatari population, both male and females from different ages. The main instrument used in data collection was questionnaire that included questions to reflect the four variables the study is dealing with. These variables are: social influence, religion influence, quality of staff and quality of programs. Number of males in the sample: 40 Number of females in the sample: 20 Number of people who voted for: Qatar TV: 40% AlRayyan TV: 60% Mean for Males: 20 Mean for females: 40 Variables Qatar TV AlRayyan TV Total Age Gender Nationality Education (Table should be here) Data for this study was collected fro m the general population. 60 questionnaires were distributed and a total of 43 questionnaires were retrieved through a drop-off and pick-up method. Conclusions and recommendations Summary The study was aimed at identifying which TV station was most popular within the country in terms of social influence, religion influence, quality of staff and the quality of programs. After conducting the research and analyzing the data, it was concluded that AlRayyan TV was the most popular despite its recent launch. This was supported by the data collected from the sample of the 60 people. The limitation of this research is that most people who were interviewed did not return the questionnaire. Some of the information provided was also irrelevant and some respondents were not willing to cooperate. The information provided was also not very substantial since only a small sample of the whole population was interviewed. This data cannot therefore be a total representation of the views of the general population. Ethical Issues The ethical issues in the study are that the information of the respondents must be kept confidential and the identities should not be withheld. It is also very important to make sure that the respondents answer the questions freely without being forced. The researchers must also ensure that they maintain professionalism in the whole procedure. The information should not be changed and should be as accurate as possible. The findings may be useful for the managers of

Attacks on national security through the use of Internet and computers Research Paper

Attacks on national security through the use of Internet and computers - Research Paper Example America like countries are currently tightening security measures against information warfare. Information warfare (IW) is normally classified into two groups; IW without using physical force during peace time and IW with physical force during military wars. Now the important question is whether information warfare without physical force can be labelled as warfare or not. This paper tries to answer this question. Approximately two years ago, IW was used to disrupt the transfer of money from one arm of a Middle Eastern terrorist group to another. This terrorist financiers bank account was covertly broken into and the money was diverted. In a similar move at the beginning of the Kosovo conflict, methods were discussed and approved to put pressure on President Milosevic; these included tampering with or breaking into his bank accounts and disrupting his personal communications (Church, 2000). From the above details, it is evident that IW can be used to cause immense economic damage to a country even during peace time. As mentioned earlier, it is difficult for the victim country to identify the source of attack and take preventive measures against cyber-attacks or IW. Computer networks are connected globally and it is easy for advanced countries to attack enemy targets without causing any human casualties. Trained computer professionals can break all the firewalls and cause immense financial damages in the enemy countries. Even though there are plenty of international laws against military wars, these laws are inapplicable in the case of IW. In other words, the present cyber laws are incapable to handle anonymous attacks. Cyber warfare will involve disruption of crucial network services and data, damage to critical infrastructure, and the creation of uncertainty and doubt among opposing commanders and political leaders. Cyber-attack provides an ability to strike both tactical and strategic targets from a distance using inexpensive

Internet Law & Governance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Internet Law & Governance - Essay Example The meeting also generated an understanding of the suitability of units established to manage various activities by stakeholders involved the internet use. Stakeholders in the meeting, therefore, discussed that the UN Secretary General gain power to develop WGIG that would research on internet laws. Another outcome of the WGIG meeting was the formation of a private body, ICANN. The functions of ICANN were to manage and oversee significant technical issues and developments regarding internet communication. Among the issues of concern addressed by ICANN is the assignment of names and numbers using IP. Decisions, which ICANN usually makes, are a result of consultations with stakeholders in the sector. Such a statement means that policies and decisions formulated depended on agreements of concerned parties (Reed 56). Many governments, globally, have a realization of the effects of laws that ICANN formulates especially in cases where they fall in line with their national legislation. Among the sections of the laws, which may intersect with the national law are privacy, cyber security, intellectual property and enforcement of the law (Kohl 10). There are claims that some nations request and approve increased control of internet administration through collaborative means. Some nations have an idea that is administering laws would be simple if there are coordinated interstate efforts. Such a move informed the reason for the proposal to have an internet governance body at the UN head offices, Geneva (Drake 50). Proposals by member nations faced opposition from other stakeholders such as America that advocate the suitability of ICANN to ensure internet governance. Currently, America retains the mandate of controlling other speakers of ICANN (Cerf 113). Because of its fundamental contribution to internet governance, America now holds the leadership role of managing DNS because of contractual

La Grande Odalisque Essay Example for Free

La Grande Odalisque Essay Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres was born on August 28th, 1780. He became one of Jacques-Louis David’s most famous and successful students. During Ingres time working with David, and eventually turning away from him, he became a part of the Neo-Classicism movement; leaving behind, but not forgetting the Romanticism methods. Neo-Classicism is the 18th century restoration of tradition principles which lead Ingres to be one of the most famous draftsmen. Ingres was an extremely precise and talented man of his time and was most famous for his portraits; especially his portraits of female nudes. In the year 1814, Ingres created one of his most famed masterpieces, La Grande Odalisque. It was created in Paris and still remains there in the museum by the name of The Musà ©e du Loure. The painting is well-known for its subject of fantasy and eroticism; she was a passive, mysterious and an unknown being to the Western world, which made her audience long for answers. Throughout Ingres life he created many pieces of work. In his well ahead years, Ingres continued to paint and surprise his faultfinders. He eventually ended up on top, being viewed as â€Å"one of the greatest living artists in France† during that time. (Rifkin 15) He left behind many fans but no apprentices to carry on the Neoclassicism heritage. Ingres painted many historical, mythological, and religious subjects; however, he is probably most respected for his portraits and female nudes. Ingress style highlights skilful formations, along with smoothly painted surfaces, and very thorough drawings. â€Å"In 1814, he created one of his many famous masterpieces, Grande Odalisque. It is 91 cm in height and 162 cm in length (35.8 Ãâ€" 63.8 in).† (Peirce 50) It is an oil painting on canvas, with a subject of make-believe and sexuality. The painting was commissioned by Queen Caroline Murat of Naples, Napoleon’s sister. It was painted in the Neoclassicism movement in P aris, along with many of his other works. This one in particular is of a nude female, who transpires to be an odalisque. â€Å"An odalisque was a female slave in an Ottoman seraglio, especially the Imperial Harem of the sultan.† (Peirce 54) La Grande Odalisque was formed by Ingres using some of David’s ideas and creating a female nude, in a bizarre and unfamiliar way. To the Western world she was nothing like they’d ever seen before, which caused confusion but a desire to want to know everything about her; â€Å"In the mind of an early 19th century French male viewer, the sort of person for whom this image was made, the odalisque would have conjured up not just a harem slave, itself a misconception, but a set forth fears and desires.† (Shelton 75) This was mainly because of the way in which Europe considered Islamic Asia; they viewed the people there as unique, barren and careless. To observers she was located in an almost make-believe world, much like how Western culture viewed the Eastern side o f the world; fantasized. At the time it was ignominious for its physical wrongness; in specific, â€Å"the nude female was thought to have three lumbar vertebrae too many†. (Shelton 78) It was an opinion stressed by art critics, but was never challenged or proven. When it had finally been studied, they found something out of the regular, â€Å"we measured the length of the back and of the pelvis in human models, expressed the mean values in terms of head height, and transferred them to the painting.† (Peirce 81) The falsification was found to be greater than what had been presumed originally; â€Å"La Grande Odalisque had five, rather than three, further lumbar vertebrae†(Peirce 81). Basically, she is structurally impossible; her pose is one that would be impossible to mimic. Since Ingres combined rationality and realism into his paintings some critics believe the deformation may perhaps exist on purpose and stand for an emotional motive. The way in which the woman’s head is placed and how it the distance it is away from her pelvis suggests, â€Å"the artist may have been marking the gulf between her thoughts and her social role† (Shelton 79) The face of the woman is where the observer’s eyes are drawn. Her expression is secluded, care-free and mysterious; giving her an almost secret filled feel about her. Her role as a harem is not to think of feeling; she is there only for the purpose of pleasure. â€Å"This theme is consistent with the role of women in the nineteenth-century views on female gender roles public women, i.e., prostitutes, fulfilled a vitally important social role as repositories of male sexual desire.† (Siegfried, Rifkin, Willey 34) Her gaze pulls viewers into her unknown world; captures and traps. The main reason for her existence is to wait upon a man, but not just any man; her husband. With knowing that her husband is the only man to ever see her in this state, the viewer is pulled in and knowing they will never be able to experience her, â€Å"she was part of the sultan harem, she was there to satisfy the carnal pleasures of the sultan, despise what she may feel or want. She reflects a woman ´s deep thoughts, complex emotions and feelings.†(Peirce 48) Her gaze tortures the viewer into looking and makes it difficult to look away. This piece is full of sensuality, mystery and romanticism. The woman is surrounded by a dark background; black with many different shades of blue. Her and her body are really the only aspect of the painting holding any light colours. With this, she stand out to the viewer; making her more striking than ever. Even with her imperfections she is blessed with flawless skin, shoulders, legs, arms and hands. The items nearby her, the peacock fan, the turban, and the pearls suggest an unfamiliar place; an exotic place. At her feet lies a hookah, which may come to the viewers as a shock; it’s not for tobacco but rather opium. The harem may come off to observers as irrational, passive and drugged, which creates more desire to know what she’s about. Is she offering it, or is she just high? That is a question that will never be answered, a question that keeps the viewers’ attention. La Grande Odalisque is what Western society believes a harem would look like. She is of the unknown but in a way that it becomes familiar. Since this is what the Western part of the world imagines and fantasizes about Islamic Asia, it makes them believe they are superior to what’s in front of them. Ingres conveyed his subject of wants and desires by painting La Grande Odalisque, and having the Western part of the world view it; you want what you can’t have. That is one way in looking at it, another is: â€Å"Some art historians have suggested that colonial politics also played a role.† (Shelton 81) Either way, Ingres combined what was happening to the world around him, two places so unfamiliar colliding together, with what the Western world wanted to see; what is actually happening is a completely different story than what one wants to believe is happening. La Grande Odalisque is recognized for its subject of desire for the unknown; her gaze, her pose, and the inferior, yet exotic, items surrounding her are what makes her so incredible to what people consider the norm. She has deficiencies but her overall appearance is perfect; she is nothing like her observers, which makes her that much more wanted; it’s a conflict between La Grande Odalisque and the viewer. Society, even today, is scared of the unfamiliar. We take situations, events and even the little parts in life that we are unsure of and turn it into something that can be confronted, even if it’s not reality; it’s what human beings do to feel safe from what we consider the abnormal. What makes this painting so unique is that people critique the way in which viewers see her, instead of the way she sees us; she is an unacquainted with us, as we are with her.

Literature Review On Cervical Cancer Health And Social Care Essay

Literature Review On Cervical Cancer Health And Social Care Essay Review of literature is an essential component of a worthwhile study in any field of knowledge. It helps the investigator to gain information on what has been done previously and to gain information on what has been done previously and to gain deeper insight in to the research problem. It also helps to plan and conduct the study in systematic manner. In this chapter, the investigator has presented the available research studies and relevant literature from which the strength of the study was drawn. 1. Studies related to cervical cancer 2. Studies related to HPV vaccination. STUDIES RELATED TO CERVICAL CANCER MiocLee,C.(1999) conducted a qualitative study with eight focus groups (number of sample=102) by using eleven question derived from the health belief model. Focus group revealed that there was misinformation and a lack of knowledge about cervical cancer. The women there fore were confused about causative factors and preventive strategies related to cervical cancer. The findings showed that major structured barriers were economic and time factors. The main psychological barriers were fear, denial confusion thinking. Participants stated that medical advice and education would influence them to undergo Pap test. Recommendations were made to reduce certain barrier and to increase knowledge and motivation. Sheila,Twin. (2005) conducted a study among chinese women from a total sample of 467 in order to identify the knowledge about cervical cancer. Evident suggested that women knowledge about cervical cancer and preventive strategies are significant their screening practices. The need for further knowledge about the cervical screening and preventive measure was demonstrated. HkoLiou, Xueminling. (2009) conducted cross sectional descriptive design on responses action and health promoting behaviors among rural Taiwanese women with abnormal Pap test. The result shows that nearly 14% were diagnosed as precancerous and underwent further treatment. 24%of the women took no action during the 3 month after receiving the result. As many as 96% were not aware about localized cervical cancer. These analyzed results may prove useful in developing intervention strategies to assist women with positive Pap test results to choose treatment modalities and adopted health behaviors. STUDIES RELATED TO HPV VACCINATION Kwan,T, et .al. (2007) conducted a cross sectional community based study to explore Chinese womens perception of human papilloma virus vaccination and their intention to be vaccinated . A total of 1450 ethnic chinese women aged 18 and above who attended the health centers. The result shows about 38% of participants (n=527) had heard of HPV and about 50% (n=697) had heard of vaccination against cervical cancer. 88% of the participants(n=1219) indicate that they would likely to be vaccinated. Majority of the participants believed that sexually experienced women should be vaccinated; while27%opposed vaccinating sexually naÃÆ'Â ¯ve women. study suggested that HPV infection was perceived to be stigmatizing to intimate family and social relationships, despite misconception and a grossy inadequate knowledge about HPV and HPV vaccination, NubiaMunoz, et .al. (2007) conducted study among 17, 622 women aged 15-26 years who were enrolled in one of two randomized, placebo-controlled, efficacy trials for the HPV6/11/16/18 vaccine (first patient on December 28, 2001, and studies completed July 31, 2007). Vaccine or placebo was given at day 1, month 2, and month 6. All women underwent cervico vaginal sampling and Pap testing at day 1 and every 6-12 months there after. A result shows that vaccination was up to 100% effective in reducing the risk of HPV16and 18 related high-grade cervical, vulvar, and vaginal lesions and of HPV 6 and 11-related genital warts. In the intention-to-treat group, vaccination also statistically significantly reduced the risk of any high-grade cervical lesions (19.0% reduction; rate vaccine = 1.43, rate placebo = 1.76, difference = 0.33, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.13 to 0.54), vulvar and vaginal lesions (50.7% reduction; rate vaccine = 0.10, rate placebo = 0.20, difference = 0.10, 95% CI = 0.04 to 0.16), genital warts (62.0% reduction; rate vaccine = 0.44, rate placebo = 1.17, difference = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.58 to 0.87), Pap abnormalities (11.3% reduction; rate vaccine = 10.36, rate placebo = 11.68, difference = 1.32, 95% CI = 0.74 to 1.90). Conclusion of the study is High-coverage HPV vaccination programs among adolescents and young women may result in a rapid reduction of genital warts, cervical cytological abnormalities. Infectious Disease Obstetric Gynecology journal. (2006) suggested that Vaccines which protect against infection with the types of human papillomavirus (HPV) commonly associated with cervical cancer (HPV 16 and 18) and genital warts (HPV 6 and 11) are expected to become available in the near future. Because HPV vaccines are prophylactic, they must be administered prior to exposure to the virus, ideally during preadolescence or adolescence. The young age of the target vaccination population means that physicians, parents, and patients will all be involved in the decision-making process. Research has shown that parents and patients are more likely to accept a vaccine if it is efficacious, safe, reasonably priced, and recommended by a physician. Widespread education of physicians, patients, and parents about the risks and consequences of HPV infection and the benefits of vaccination will be instrumental for fostering vaccine acceptance. Andrea Licht,S, et. al. (2009) conducted study on HPV vaccination. The aims of this study were to assess HPV vaccination rates and to examine whether knowledge and risk perceptions regarding HPV were associated with the reported use of the HPV vaccine among female college students. A cross-sectional design was used among 406 women aged 18-26 years were recruited at two public universities and completed a self-administered survey. Respondents who reported having received at least one dose of HPV vaccine were classified as vaccinated (n=177, 43.6%). Responses, stratified by the receipt of HPV vaccine, were compared using descriptive statistics and multivariate models. Results based on multivariate logistic regression modeling, 18-year-old women were approximately four times more likely to report use of the HPV vaccine compared with respondents aged 19-26 years. Respondents who correctly indicated that HPV caused genital warts were 1.85 times more likely to have received at least one HP V vaccine. African American and Asian women were each less likely to be vaccinated compared with white women. Risk perception was not significantly associated with vaccine uptake, however, the majority of respondents failed accurately to recognize their high risk of both acquiring and transmitting HPV. These findings suggest knowledge deficits and misperceptions about HPV risk as potential themes for educational campaigns encouraging the greater use of the preventive HPV vaccine among this subgroup Allison Friedman,L. (2004) suggested that genital human papilloma virus (HPV) infection is the most common sexually transmitted virus in the united States, causing genital warts, cervical cell abnormalities, and cervical cancer in women. To inform HPV education efforts, 35 focus groups were conducted with members of the general public, stratified by gender, race/ethnicity, and urban/rural location. Focus groups explored participants knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs about HPV and a hypothetical HPV vaccine as well as their communication preferences for HPV-related educational messages. Audience awareness and knowledge of HPV were low across all groups. This, along with an apparent STD-associated stigma, served as barriers to participants hypothetical acceptance of a future vaccine. Although information about HPVs high prevalence and link to cervical cancer motivated participants to learn more about HPV, it also produced audience fear and anxiety. This research suggests that HPV- and HPV-vaccine-related education efforts must be approached with extreme Raley, JC. (2004) suggested that Human papilloma virus (HPV) is the causative agent of cervical neoplasia and genital warts. A vaccine has recently been developed that may prevent infection with HPV. Vaccination for HPV may become a routine part of office gynecology. Researcher surveyed members of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) to determine their attitudes to HPV vaccination. A survey was sent to Fellows of ACOG to evaluate gynecologists attitudes. Vaccine acceptability was analyzed by using 13 scenarios with the following dimensions and respective attributes: age of patient (13, 17 and 22 years); efficacy of vaccine (50% or 80%); ACOG recommendation (yes or no); and disease targeted (cervical cancer, warts or both). Each scenario was rated by means of an 11-point response format (0 to 100). Responses were evaluated using conjoint analysis. Results of 1200 surveys that were sent out, 181 were returned and included in our analysis. ACOG recommendation w as considered the most important variable in vaccine distribution (importance score = 32.2), followed by efficacy (24.5), age (22.4) and, lastly, disease targeted (20.9). Of these variables, higher efficacy was favored; preference was given to age 17 years, with a strong disinclination to vaccinate at age 13 years; and protection against cervical cancer, or genital warts, or both. Demographic characteristics of the gynecologists (i.e., age of physician, gender, and practice setting and community size) did not play an important role in the decision to recommend vaccination. Professional society recommendation is important for acceptability of a potential HPV vaccine. Gynecologists are willing to include this vaccine in their practice. Chun Chao, et. al (2007) conducted study among 34,193 female who initiate HPV vaccination. The aim of the study was to examine the rate and correlate the completion of HPV vaccination. The result shows that the completion rate was 41.9% among age group between 9- to 17-year and 47.1% in the 18- to 26-year. Black race 95% confidence interval and lower neighborhood education level were associated with lower regimen completion. A history of sexually transmitted diseases, abnormal Pap test results, and immune-related conditions were not associated with HPV vaccination regimen completion. Caron, et. al. (2008) conducted a cross sectional study among college women, the study reveals that cervical cancer is primarily caused by the human papillomavirus (HPV) and is the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality among women. Purpose: College women may be at risk for contracting HPV based on their sexual behavior. An exploratory analysis was conducted, following the release of the HPV vaccine, Gardasil[R], the am of the study is to (1) determine awareness of HPV and Gardasil[R], (2) assess attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs about the HPV vaccine, (3) identify information sources that college women are accessing. Methods: A cross-sectional study of college women (n=293) enrolled in a Northeastern university voluntarily completed a self-administered questionnaire regarding knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs about correlations, and paired sample t-tests. Results: Sexually active respondents would recommend the HPV vaccine to others and disagree that HPV vac cination would encourage risky sexual behavior. Yet, need more information is the predominant reason respondents would not get the HPV vaccine if it were offered for free. Discussion: Correlations are identified on how self-reported knowledge influenced attitudes, behaviors, and beliefs regarding the HPV vaccine. These findings should assist health educators in developing integrated public health education efforts for HPV vaccination that are targeted towards this at-risk population.

Our Pledge To Save The Earth

Our Pledge To Save The Earth Earth gives us all we ever needed, wanted and desired for. Then dont you think in your good heart that we owe so much to our planet to reduce the negative impacts of Global Warming that is affecting us and many generations to come? The climate changes are gradually leading to something rigorous around us and we have to act before it is too very late. Why not understand what it is all about and do our bit? After all, saving our planet saves us and all the living beings, and the amazing natural environment isnt it? Understanding Global Warming The increase in the average surface temperature of the earth resulting in dire climatic conditions is called Global Warming, which is resulting in melting glaciers and rising temperatures across the globe. Consequentially, it is alerting us about the environmental hazards and increasing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, referred to as carbon footprint. Global warming would give rise to additional problems in the future, thereby affecting the quality of life of every single amiable creature. Causes of Global Warming The major causes causing global warming are the release of greenhouse gases, mainly carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane, among others, leading to the greenhouse effect. This phenomenon allows the solar heat and light enter the earths atmosphere, but prevents its radiation back into the space. Coal, used as a fuel in the power generation plants, produces large amounts of carbon dioxide. The burning gasoline in automobile engines are contributing to more than 20% of the carbon dioxide content in the atmosphere, majorly due to sport utility bikes, vehicles and cars. Further, methane is emitted from sources such as fossil fuel production, rice paddies, bacteria from wetlands etc. The decayed soil with organic matter in the water-flooded rice fields emits high content of methane into the atmosphere. Another major contributor to the greenhouse effect is the sweet odoured and colorless nitrous oxide. The cars using catalytic convertors, burning up the organic matter, the agriculture segment using fertilizers, and the production of nylon and nitric acid add to the amount of nitrous oxide in the atmosphere. The escalating requirements to build infrastructure facilities, increased demand for urbanization, industrialization, and extensive construction projects all of which absorb large acres of land, are resulting in deforestation. With forests being natural sources releasing high oxygen content into the atmosphere, deforestation is another significant issue influencing the process of global warming, as the diminishing greenery reduces the oxygen content in the atmosphere to a large extent. Negative Effects of Global Warming The increase in the facade temperature of the earth has already embarked on melting of ice in the polar region, consequently resulting in mean sea levels. The frequency in occurrence of natural calamities such as earth quakes, floods, tsunamis are expected to rise during the upcoming years. The damaging outcomes of global warming also influence various seasons in a year with condensed rainfall and longer summers. The forests are a natural habitat to a wide variety of plant and animal species. As a result of deforestation, many of the birds and animals are experiencing unnatural deaths and nearing extinction. The birds are suffering a major setback with altered environmental conditions and are trying to adapt to different migratory locations and travel seasons. Furthermore, the discharge of industrial waste into the sea is gradually destroying the underwater world putting aquatic life at risk. Importantly, the environmental changes and the climatic conditions are leading to increased number of ailments and diseases among human beings and some of the common animals living in city environs. Our Earnest Contribution As inhabitants of our mother earth, we ought to be committed to save our planet and make it a safer place to live in. We can exist only if the animals, seas, forests, rivers, and oceans exist. All of us can largely contribute and secure our earth against destruction if we practice things as: Plant trees in and around your area Contribute to reduce the levels of noise and environmental pollution Ensure not to waste water and adopt rain water harvesting at homes Significantly decrease the use of plastic and switch over to reusable cloth bags For calculations, making lists and writing messages, write on the back of old documents Choose to buy products with minimal packaging and buy refills instead of new ones Avoid the use of aluminum foils and plastic bags; instead carry a reusable lunch box for packing food Save electricity. Switch off all appliances and lights before leaving home when not required. Replace the incandescent lighting with power saving CFLs (Compact Fluorescent Lamp) and LED (Light Emitting Diode) lighting systems Save cooking fuel. Cover utensils while cooking. Use of pressure cookers and steamers save up to 70% of the energy Run washing machines on smaller cycles and use soap powders/detergents containing enzymes to save water and energy. Use clothesline instead of dryers Use small cloth napkins and towels to dry your hands and face instead of using tissues Employ the use of bicycles or walk up to certain distances and usage of public transportation facilities and decrease the use of cars. Also, using electric vehicles prove to be more energy efficient compared to petrol and diesel vehicles Buy external hard disks, flash drives, rewritable CDs and DVDs for easier data storage options, and reuse the hardware of your computer systems rather than investing on a new set of devices Choose to implement teleconferencing for important overseas meetings and eliminate the requirement to fly often In this manner, we can involve ourselves to prevent as well as stop the hazards being enforced on our planet and save our mother nature from being destroyed with our own hands. So make your pledge today, at this very moment! Be sensitive to secure our magnificent planetà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦..

Essay --

1. Introduction As the world gets more global Companies do their best to raise their profits and survive in the competition. Companies may have to grow to survive, and one of the best ways to grow is by merging with another company. However, some merges may disbalance the development of market and disrupt the balance of current market structure. Perfect example is the Daimler and Chrysler merger it is such poweful global corporation that has its activities all around the world. It can use its strong position to influence the decisions of a government. If a government disagrees with the proposals, the corporation can easily move its bussines to another country this will lead to higher unemployment in the country so the government can not allow this and is forced to make a trade-off. Nowdays some corporations have bigger powers than some governments and therefore it is harder to resist the influence of the corporations. Mergers also lead to a decrease in competition in a market, this means higher pr ices and less choises for consumers. The European Union is trying to prevent that companies become too powerfull and that is why firms who seek to raise their profits through merger, must attain European commissions (EC) approval. In this paper I will focus on the Volvo/Scania merger case. Firstly I will explain what is merger, the benefits of firms to conduct merger and the effect of merger to market. Secondly I will briefly describe the two companies which are involved in the Volvo/Scania merger. Finally, I will explain why did the EC blocked this merger. 2. What is merger Merger is a process when at least two companies combine to form one single company. In general, there are three types of mergers, Horizontal Mergers, if both f... ...cks, buses and engines businesses. After selling its car division Volvo had nearly no market share, to become larger again Volvo decided to buy shares of his largest competitor Scania. (Case No COMP/M.1672 –Volvo/Scania) The merge between these two companies would cause a large decrease in competition on the Swedish market for trucks. Volvo wanted to grow to achieve the economies of scale to compete in the global markets, but Volvo was prevented from doing so because the merger would give them too large market share in Nordic market. 6. Conclusion The EC has blocked the proposed merger of Volvo and Scania because of the competition concerns. The main reason was that these two companies, which both make trucks and buses were the two largest competitors in most of their European markets, it would create significant barriers to entry the market by other companies.

Cruelty Involved in Animal Research, Testing, and Experimentation :: Argumentative Persuasive Essays

Cruelty Involved in Animal Testing Hobbes, the cat, has been under experimentation for most of his life. This is probably the last time that he will ever have to be experimented on again. Why? Because he is probably not going to make it through this time. The makers of Herbal Essences are about to force shampoo down his throat to see what happens to its organs. Even if the cat lives through the process, they are going to have to kill it to see which organs it could have damaged. If this was an actual human going through this deadly experiment, people would be in shock. Instead, scientists are testing whether or not swallowing shampoo would affect a cat. Testing on animals is a very disagreeable process that should not be allowed. Animal testing started a numerous years ago to help provide humans with information. The process of animal testing is one of the most disturbing experiments ever done. Many cosmetics and personal care products are made every year and are put into the market after being tested on animals. Almost every product has been animal tested at some stage in its development. The website titled "Animals in Product Testing" stated, "...these products have gone through a long and complex testing process that leaves millions of animals mutilated, burned, poisoned and gassed in outmoded and unnecessary tests." From these different experiments, animals are often left with different diseases like Syphilis, herpes, or AIDS ("Animal Rights: Animal Testing"). Manufacturers of these different products say that they are performing these tests to assure our safety for these products. They want to make sure that humans are not in any amount of danger ("Animals in Product Testing"). The first point why animal testing is a unethical process is because of some of the brutal things that happen in the process. There are certain types of animals they use for certain types of experimentation. Some well-known animals that they use for testing are: cats, dogs, mice, rats, hamsters, guinea pigs, gerbils, sheep, llamas, cattle, owls, deer, monkeys and other primates. These are not, by any means, all of the animals that they use. These are just the most common ("Animal Rights: Animal Testing"). For example, the Draize Test is used on white albino rabbits (S., Jeremy). They use white albino rabbits because of their sensitive eyes and also because the formation of their tear ducts stops tears from draining away all of the foreign substance ("Animal Rights: Test .

Cause and Effect of Sleep deprivation Essay

I am a firm believer that many factors such as our culture, our upbringing, and beliefs that we were introduced to all affects what we do, how we live and even what we eat! People in China, Vietnam and Switzerland have been known to eat dogs for thousands of year, some as a source of survival during war and famine while others eat it as a cuisine meaning it is a part of their regular diet! I’ve even read somewhere that people in China have been known to say that a huge reason they consume dog meat is to keep them warm in the harsh winters! Have they heard of a jacket and hot coco? They don’t see it any different from eating cows and pigs, but someone like me thinks that is disgusting! I see people all the time whose treat their dog as their best friend, I’ve heard that when you begin to grow attached to your dog you soon see them as people. I could never imagine it being okay to eat a dog! Functionalism has a lot to do with this also when you come to think of it. This tradition has been the norm in these places for years! It wasn’t until recently that proposed laws have been presented to implement a law that bans the eating of cats and dogs. Americans are truly the people of the land of the free and are strong believers that a dog is a mans best friend, in my opinion. Beating, not feeding, and mistreating dogs are all violations of the law, neglect, and animal abuse! I could not even imagine hearing a story of someone eating one! It is common knowledge here that dogs are like people and should be treated as such and so they are not put on a dinner plate, at least the way I view things. I strongly feel that our individual believes and knowledge is the reason we eat what we eat, they are culturally relative in more ways that one. This definitely is a beautiful thing as everyone can be their own person and act how they feel but this causes cultural diversity conflict all the time! Take this scenario for instance; two people are meeting for a blind date and obviously know nothing about one another. It becomes time to order and the woman is disgusted by the menu because everything is meat and fat of the meat from some type of animal, see, she’s vegetarian. The woman loves animals and does not believe in eating them and this sparks a conversation. Do you think it’s a good one as her date has already ordered the number four, which is the half slab of baby back ribs with chicken shish kabobs, and a side of pork rings? I can imagine that she stormed out of there after giving him a good lecture. Though her actions are understandable they aren’t quite right. Ethnocentrism would be the perfect would to explain that situation! The woman thinks that he beliefs are the right ones and that the man is wrong for eating what he loves to eat! Ethnocentrism is when you believe that your culture, your beliefs are better than everyone else’s and only yours make sense! This is a big reason there is conflict within cultures. Instead of using cultural relativism and trying to understand others point of view or even just accepting it as their choice we fight for what we think is the right way, the only way. Interactionism helps us understand that our mind plays a role in our how what our body does including why we eat or don’t eat what we eat. I love dogs, so I would vomit at the thought of eating one. However, once again this doesn’t mean I should hate someone that eats it as a dish at home. Being open and understanding can truly help because just as the conflict theory states that there is a power struggle between cultures, these cultures have the power to become knowledgeable of one another and ultimately obtain culture relativism.

Movie Review The Lord Of the War Essay

Lord of War almost didn’t make it to the big screen. In fact, it barely even reached the production stage due to its bristly, accusatory subject matter of illegal international arms dealing. Yet despite its Hollywood feel, â€Å"Lord of War† is an excellent introduction to the opaque and oft-ignored activities of the merchants of death, or lords of war. Writer/director Andrew Niccol (The Terminal, Simone, and The Truman Show) insisted upon strictly adhering to true life events that shed an unflattering light on many of the world’s wealthiest nations. Although telling the truth in Lord of War makes for a riveting tale of international intrigue and finger pointing, it wasn’t really a great way to secure funding for a major motion picture. It took the gumption of several foreign investors who were willing to take a chance that the film’s powerful message would resonate with audiences. Count me as one of those moved by the film’s cruel honesty. Still living with his immigrant family in Brighton Beach, Yuri Orlov (Nicolas Cage) has had enough–the family restaurant has no customers, his cook brother Vitaly (Jared Leto) can’t cook and his mother nags his devout Jewish father who is anything but Jewish. So instead of getting sucked into a go-nowhere life, Yuri naturally gets into arms dealing. After selling a local hood an Uzi, Yuri discovers that he might actually have the knack. He recruits his younger brother–more for moral support than business acumen–and begins to soar up the arms dealing food chain, attaining wealth, luxury and an exciting lifestyle along the way. The only thing he lacks is his dream girl–Ava Fontaine (Bridget Moynahan), a Brighton Beach beauty queen-turned-supermodel. But Yuri finally wins her heart, too, by posing as a legitimate businessman with more money than he actually has. Ava senses he’s not legit, but just as long as they have their penthouse overlooking Central Park and a chauffeured limo, she’d rather not know what he does. Meanwhile, Yuri’s interests clash with his chief rival, Simeon Weisz (Ian Holm), an old-school gunrunner, coming to terms with the end of the Cold War. Backed into a corner, Yuri is given a choice between continued competition or none at all, and his decision sends Yuri into a spiral of rapid moral decay despite ever-increasing profits. His greatest struggle through it all has been with himself. In the end, he learns to accept the Golden Rule of arms dealing: Never wage war with anybody, especially yourself. Lord of War shines its cinematic spotlight on the shadowy world of illicit arms trafficking – a global scourge that has claimed millions of lives since the end of the Cold War. According to Yuri in this film, owning guns or bullets is the second most basic human need behind eating. The skeleton is here for a truly revolutionary film that simply ties with the real world of today which ways reveal bold strokes about the amorality of world politics, and how every single one of us has rationalized the wholesale export of violence because it keeps us in comfort. The world is a business – it’s about money, of course, and as long as someone is paying, actions toward fellow man are burdensome, if not irrelevant. There is only the bottom line, and every man, woman, or child who has died on the field of battle has done so in the name of profit, usually of the corporate variety. As we compare to this existing world of today, a lot of business intelligent men chose to profit from human frailty. Lord of War narrates the proceedings by breaking the third wall with a cynical, matter-of-fact voice-over that lays out a gritty, dirty snapshot of a world – the devastating consequences of the worldwide trade in weapons that we don’t want to know exists. Though we’re uncomfortable knowing the truth, seeing how it actually works is absolutely captivating. Nations throughout the world are implicated in wrongdoing, as Niccol’s pointed story pulls no punches. His brutal honesty often hurts. It is, for instance, fascinating and horrifying to learn that the five permanent members of the U.N. Security Council are the world’s biggest arms suppliers, which technically, is correct; and also dares to suggest that death is the biggest business of all.   Most viewers won’t find comfort in accepting the film’s political accusations, and its moral dilemmas will undoubtedly offend many, especially in today’s increasingly volatile world. But good, thought-provoking filmmaking is good for us all. REFERENCE Niccol, A. (Director/Writer/Producer). (2005). Lord of War [Motion picture]. United States: 20th Century Fox -Arclight Films.

All the Kings Men – 2

The Great Spider Web In the book, â€Å"All The King’s Men† by Robert Penn Warren, the character of Jack Burden gradually evolves into a person with a deeper comprehension of the world around him. Jack grapples with many new concepts, including the concept of whether or not knowledge is power. Jack’s profession involves digging into the past to discover information about others, which often, he will later use to blackmail them. So naturally Jack believes knowledge holds great power.However, as the book carries on, Jack struggles with the idea that his knowledge may have a much deeper effect on society than the original purpose of the information. Throughout this novel Jack demonstrates that knowledge is power, but he eventually realizes that his knowledge can lead to sorrow in the lives of others, which leaves him with the idea that some things may be better left unsaid. During this book Jack exhibits that knowledge is power. One would expect this from Jack Burde n because his job, first and foremost, consists of digging up dirt on other politicians for his boss Willie Stark (the governor of Louisiana).Jack, who narrates this book, comes right out and says, â€Å"The end of man is knowledge†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (p. 9), which infuses with his idea that knowledge is power, and can essentially break down a man. Near the end of the book this quote is very significant to Jack in that events occur that prove his opinion is correct, but that he should exercise his wealth of knowledge in a different way. The entire plot of this book is drawn from the moment Willie finds out that a certain Judge Irwin supports a candidate running against his own.Willie pays a little visit to Judge Irwin in an effort to persuade him to retract his statement, but his attempt fails. â€Å"The Boss said, ‘Well Jackie, it looks like you got a job cut out for you. ’ And I said, ‘Callahan? ’ And he said, ‘Nope, Irwin. ’ And I said, â€Å"I don’t reckon you’ll find anything on Irwin. ’ And he said, ‘You find it’†(p. 49). This again suggests the theme that knowledge is power. Willie wants Jack to find dirt on Judge Irwin so he can dangle that threat over Irwin’s head, and have the ability to manipulate him.Having knowledge of Judge Irwin’s wrongdoings gives Willie the power to scare him into doing what he pleases. As the book progresses we meet the friends (and loves) of Jack’s youth. One of his friends, Adam Stanton, practices medicine and is asked by Willie to take the job at the new hospital he will open. Adam at first does not want to take a job, and Jack plans to use information he dug up about Judge Irwin (which connects to Adam’s father) to make force him to take the job. â€Å"‘I can change that picture of the world he carries around in his head’†(p. 48). Even though the information Jack wants to share with Adam could potenti ally shatter Adam’s view of the world, Jack feels he should use the power of his knowledge to make Adam take the job that Adam’s sister, Anne, so desperately wants him to take. All through this book knowledge is portrayed as the root of power, often with Jack as the man who has the knowledge. As the book progresses, Jack comes to realize that knowledge can sometimes create unimaginable sorrow in peoples lives. When Jack was young this was not a concept Jack was able to grasp.Jack’s first journey into the past proves that fact very clearly. Jack researches a scandal that occurred in one of his relatives past as a project when he was in college, but walks away from that piece of work because he simply cannot understand the reasoning behind his great-uncle’s (Cass Mastern) actions. Essentially, in the story of Cass Mastern, Cass has an affair with his friend’s wife, and when his friend learns of this affair he shoots himself. Cass feels largely respon sible for his friend’s death and realizes that the effect of his affair not only killed a man, but also ripped a family apart. Cass Mastern lived for a few years and in that time he learned that the world is all of one piece. He learned that the world is like an enormous spider web and if you touch it, however lightly, at any point, the vibration ripples to the remotest perimeter†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬ (p. 188). This is a powerful theme and when Jack finally realizes the significance of this theory, he comes to terms with the fact that sometimes knowledge can bring great sorrow to peoples lives, and not only effect one person, but also many of those connected to them.The spider web theory correlates significantly to Adam and Anne after they learn that the man they have always looked up to was in fact corrupt like most other politicians. Jack experiences this negative ripple effect as well when he reveals to Judge Irwin that he knows his secret. Judge Irwin then kills himself pr ompting a series of ripples. â€Å"A bright, beautiful, silvery soprano scream†¦I went toward her. She dropped the telephone to the floor with a clatter, and pointed her finger at me and cried out, ‘You did it, you did, you killed him†¦Ã¢â‚¬ËœYour father, your father and oh! ou, killed him’†(p. 348-49). Because Jack found dirt on Judge Irwin, Irwin killed himself, which caused sorrow for Jack and Jack’s mother because we discover that Judge Irwin was the true love of Jack’s mother, and surprisingly Jack’s real father. Another essential example of when knowledge creating sorrow is when Adam finds out that his sister is having an affair with Willie Stark. When Adam finds out this piece of information, he is driven with anger and decides to eliminate the man defiling his sister. ‘I rushed toward Adam as he fell†¦he was already dead†¦I didn’t see the Boss. And I thought: He didn’t hit him. But I was wrongâ €™â€ (p. 396). Prompted by this one piece of information, two people are dead. After this point there is a notable difference in Jack’s attitude towards revealing information to people. At this point in the book, after two of his dear friends and his own father have died, Jack realizes that some things are better left unsaid. Without his revealing selected information to people, lives could have been spared.Jack still continues to dig up information simply because he has to know. Jacks new target is who was it that called Adam and informed him of his sister’s affair. It did not take long for Jack to find out that the Boss’s punching bag, Tiny Duffy, was the culprit, and he informs Duffy of his knowledge. â€Å"I felt like a million. I had sure-God brought off that scene. I had hit him where he lived†¦I was a hero’†(p. 415). This feeling Jack has after he spoke to Duffy does not last long though, â€Å"†¦when I kicked Duffy around I felt like a million because I thought it let me out†(p. 417).Here is when Jack finally takes responsibility for the consequences of spilling his knowledge onto others, and from this time begins to comprehend when information should be held back. After the Boss dies, Jack and the Boss’s driver/friend, Sugar Boy, are out of a job. Sugar Boy greatly admired Willie and was the one who shot the bullet that found Adam Stanton. Jack and Sugar Boy run into each other at the library, and this is the point when Jack uses restraint and withholds information from Sugar Boy to eliminate further sorrow that would surely occur if he revealed his information about Tiny Duffy. ‘Listen,’ I said, ‘do you know who killed the Boss? ’†¦ ‘Yeah,’ he said, ‘yeah—the son-of-a-bi-bi-bitch and I-I-I shot him. ’†¦ ‘But suppose you don’t know, I said, leaning, ‘suppose there was someday behind Stanton, somebod y who framed him to do it. ’†¦ ‘I’d kill the son-of-a-bitch,’ he said†¦ ‘I was kidding,’ I said†(p. 419-21). Jack finally grasps the fact that sometimes information should be withheld if it will most certainly have a negative consequence. Even a bit earlier Jack starts to realize this fact but will not put it into action until the moment with Sugar Boy at the library.Another instance when Jack’s compassion shines through is when he holds back information from his mother in hopes that she will be happier with the lie. â€Å"‘—did he—was there–’†¦ ‘No’, I said, ‘he wasn’t in any jam. We had a little argument about politics. Nothing serious†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ ‘Is that the truth? ’ She demanded. ‘Yes,’ I said. ‘I swear to God it is. ’†¦I had lied to her. Well, I had given that lie to her as a going-away present†(p. 431-32). Jack grasped the concept that sometimes things should be kept to yourself. â€Å"All change costs something†(p. 93). Revealing information that causes a change will cost someone, somewhere. Jack Burden finally comprehends this concept and becomes more cautious in spilling his knowledge about others. Overall, Jack understands that knowledge affords great power, but that it certainly can induce great sorrow. This eventually convinces him that some things are better left unsaid. Jack watches endless people suffer because of knowledge that was dumped on them and it helps him to realize that you must have some thought and restraint in what you say to people.In life, there are instances when knowledge is thrust upon a person and that person will be able to speculate the impact that knowledge will have on other people. Even though some may feel entitled and obligated to share information with others, one must assess the overall situation and practice restraint if the negat ive effects greatly outweigh the positive. Knowledge is a tricky thing, and one must learn its power because otherwise the spider web will constantly be moving with negative ripples leaving a web of grief.

Analysis of “John Donne’s” “The Flea”

Phillip Hassoun English 1102 Dr. Thomason 03/14/12 Analysis: The Flea, By: John Donne Most of John Donne’s work during his time frame was usually seen as being vulgar or too much, usually for the sexual themes he put behind them. But being the witty and clever author John Donne was, it is by no surprise that most people raise their eye brows after reading his poem titled The Flea. In the poem, he makes the unusual connection between a flea and sex between couples. Using a metaphysical conceit, the poem is written using that relationship in mind, which today most people would see as kind of funny or odd.In this unique comparison, he ultimately try’s to persuade his beloved to become fearless of the consequences in pre-marital sex. It is important to understand the use of metaphysical writing, and how it enabled writers like John Donne to write so well about two very seemingly different things. When the term metaphysical is used, it is referring to a very powerful form of philosophy dating back to Aristotle. It is used to explain something usually complex in simple to understand terms, by making a comparison. One does this by asking themselves two questions; what is there?And what’s it like? These two questions lead the person into a higher level thinking proses, which usually end up in a form of descriptive writing like parables and poems to add ever more understanding and emotion to the thought. This is how authors like John Donne can write of comparisons between something simple like a flea, and something as complex as the emotions we feel. However, the poem to most people today would still not make sense. But when considering the knowledge and ethics of the people during his time frame, this poem makes much more sense.When John Donne’s 16th century love poem was written, it was believed that when two people had sex, the partners would share each other’s blood. Also hygiene wasn’t a very big issue, since it wasnâ€℠¢t common knowledge to know that bacteria and viruses could make you sick or more obviously that people didn’t share blood during sex. Due to lack of hygiene, people during this time all had some sort of human flea that lived on them, which ate their blood. The people from this time frame really didn’t see it as something gross like people would see today.Because everybody had fleas on them, they were all equally as gross to each other in their minds. When John Donne is trying to persuade his beloved into sex with him, this is how he comes up with a metaphysical connection between the two, which is also a perfect example of why people thought he was coarse or dirty in his writing. Keeping this knowledge in mind as you read the poem is crucial in order to understand the poem. In the first stanza he begins to set up his argument with the girl he is addressing.Using the metaphysical conceit he makes between a flea and sex he writes to his beloved, explaining why he thinks she should have no reason to be worried about having sex with him. â€Å"Mark but this flea, and mark in this, How little you denist me is;† He says to open the poem. Look at how small this flea is, that’s how small the fact of why you won’t have sex with me is, to reword what he is saying. Describing how little the issue is as he goes on in the first stanza. He says that the flea can suck his blood, and then jump to the girls and suck her blood, and share all three of the souls in one body.Then says that by doing so, the flea is not causing â€Å"A sin, nor shame, not loss of maidenhead;† (1: pg. 571) talking about her virginity. He describes the nature of the flea to enjoy the mixing of blood from humans before it is in love, or without care at all since it is a flea. He finishes the argument at the end of the stanza by saying to his beloved that the flea, is doing far worse than what only they would be doing. He continues in the second stanza by tryin g to protect the flea’s life from the girl.It is understood from the reading that his beloved has become obviously upset with what he said, and so she attempts to kill the flea in spite of him. To prevent her from doing so, he starts to explain to her that the flea is carrying three souls inside it, him, her, and the flea. And reiterates how the flea is doing far more than them even if they are to be married, since it shares all three souls. He says that since there blood is mixed with inside the flea, to look at the flea as their â€Å"marriage temple† and their custom right to properly have sex, since their blood is already mixed.And furthermore says that although your parents urge you to not get married to me, we already have inside the living soul of the flea. He then in the last parts of the second stanza states his second argument for why they should have pre-marital sex. â€Å"Though use make you apt to kill me,† (1: pg. 172) hysterically saying that she wouldn’t mind killing him. He argues that although she wants to kill the flea, doing so would mean killing herself, himself, and the flea.An odd way of explaining that there mutual love would die, and the fleas love for both would also die, which would be sacrilegious by killing all three souls. As he continues to make this unconvincing argument to his beloved, she kills the flea at the beginning of the third stanza, probably from his almost mockingly sounding poem about a big step in their relationship. However it is at that point when he turns the argument on her completely. â€Å"Cruel and sudden,† he describes her actions as she kills the flea. Saying that the flea was only innocent, and only was guilty for was stealing two drops of blood.By killing the flea that shared the couple’s blood, he asks her if she feels as if their relationship is weaker. Obviously not feeling like their relationship had grown apart, he then completely switches the argument on her , after destroying their â€Å"wedding temple,† By saying that he taught her a lesson of fear. He explains further in the end of the last stanza that the honor she lost in killing that flea, would be just as much honor lost if she were to engage in intercourse with him, since she obviously did not care about the death of the flea.He reiterates in his last statements that he is doing the exact same thing as the flea that took life from her. This concludes his not so romantic poem, but very interesting explanation of their situation. John’s poem is written in a clever way, unlike most of the poems people would read from Shakespeare’s century. He makes a good metaphysical connection between the flea and sex, and almost sounds like he denies the fact that he is really just trying hook up with her. If any girl was to be read this poem as a pickup line, and understand it, then they would probably be offended.This is why the poem cannot be read far too seriously when h e explains that the important subject of losing your virginity can be compared to the instinct of a flea, and dooms the poem to have you chuckling while you read it. However, when he ties everything up in the final stanza it turns into an eye opening poem. This was a very ingenious way to explain the feelings of the man in a relationship. The one who is trying to get the girl in the bed, but she fears all of the consequences.The connection he made between something as small and irrelevant as a flea being described into a deep elaborate though about love, and man’s thoughts just show his great writing skill. Works Cited Page Barnet, Sylvan, William Burto, and William E. Cain. A Little Literature: Reading/writing and Argument. New York: Pearson/Longman, 2007. Print. â€Å"John Donne â€Å"The Flea† and Persuasion† StudyMode. com. 10 2011. 10 2011 . Analysis of â€Å"John Donne’s† â€Å"The Flea† Phillip Hassoun English 1102 Dr. Thomason 03/14/12 Analysis: The Flea, By: John Donne Most of John Donne’s work during his time frame was usually seen as being vulgar or too much, usually for the sexual themes he put behind them. But being the witty and clever author John Donne was, it is by no surprise that most people raise their eye brows after reading his poem titled The Flea. In the poem, he makes the unusual connection between a flea and sex between couples. Using a metaphysical conceit, the poem is written using that relationship in mind, which today most people would see as kind of funny or odd.In this unique comparison, he ultimately try’s to persuade his beloved to become fearless of the consequences in pre-marital sex. It is important to understand the use of metaphysical writing, and how it enabled writers like John Donne to write so well about two very seemingly different things. When the term metaphysical is used, it is referring to a very powerful form of philosophy dating back to Aristotle. It is used to explain something usually complex in simple to understand terms, by making a comparison. One does this by asking themselves two questions; what is there?And what’s it like? These two questions lead the person into a higher level thinking proses, which usually end up in a form of descriptive writing like parables and poems to add ever more understanding and emotion to the thought. This is how authors like John Donne can write of comparisons between something simple like a flea, and something as complex as the emotions we feel. However, the poem to most people today would still not make sense. But when considering the knowledge and ethics of the people during his time frame, this poem makes much more sense.When John Donne’s 16th century love poem was written, it was believed that when two people had sex, the partners would share each other’s blood. Also hygiene wasn’t a very big issue, since it wasnâ€℠¢t common knowledge to know that bacteria and viruses could make you sick or more obviously that people didn’t share blood during sex. Due to lack of hygiene, people during this time all had some sort of human flea that lived on them, which ate their blood. The people from this time frame really didn’t see it as something gross like people would see today.Because everybody had fleas on them, they were all equally as gross to each other in their minds. When John Donne is trying to persuade his beloved into sex with him, this is how he comes up with a metaphysical connection between the two, which is also a perfect example of why people thought he was coarse or dirty in his writing. Keeping this knowledge in mind as you read the poem is crucial in order to understand the poem. In the first stanza he begins to set up his argument with the girl he is addressing.Using the metaphysical conceit he makes between a flea and sex he writes to his beloved, explaining why he thinks she should have no reason to be worried about having sex with him. â€Å"Mark but this flea, and mark in this, How little you denist me is;† He says to open the poem. Look at how small this flea is, that’s how small the fact of why you won’t have sex with me is, to reword what he is saying. Describing how little the issue is as he goes on in the first stanza. He says that the flea can suck his blood, and then jump to the girls and suck her blood, and share all three of the souls in one body.Then says that by doing so, the flea is not causing â€Å"A sin, nor shame, not loss of maidenhead;† (1: pg. 571) talking about her virginity. He describes the nature of the flea to enjoy the mixing of blood from humans before it is in love, or without care at all since it is a flea. He finishes the argument at the end of the stanza by saying to his beloved that the flea, is doing far worse than what only they would be doing. He continues in the second stanza by tryin g to protect the flea’s life from the girl.It is understood from the reading that his beloved has become obviously upset with what he said, and so she attempts to kill the flea in spite of him. To prevent her from doing so, he starts to explain to her that the flea is carrying three souls inside it, him, her, and the flea. And reiterates how the flea is doing far more than them even if they are to be married, since it shares all three souls. He says that since there blood is mixed with inside the flea, to look at the flea as their â€Å"marriage temple† and their custom right to properly have sex, since their blood is already mixed.And furthermore says that although your parents urge you to not get married to me, we already have inside the living soul of the flea. He then in the last parts of the second stanza states his second argument for why they should have pre-marital sex. â€Å"Though use make you apt to kill me,† (1: pg. 172) hysterically saying that she wouldn’t mind killing him. He argues that although she wants to kill the flea, doing so would mean killing herself, himself, and the flea.An odd way of explaining that there mutual love would die, and the fleas love for both would also die, which would be sacrilegious by killing all three souls. As he continues to make this unconvincing argument to his beloved, she kills the flea at the beginning of the third stanza, probably from his almost mockingly sounding poem about a big step in their relationship. However it is at that point when he turns the argument on her completely. â€Å"Cruel and sudden,† he describes her actions as she kills the flea. Saying that the flea was only innocent, and only was guilty for was stealing two drops of blood.By killing the flea that shared the couple’s blood, he asks her if she feels as if their relationship is weaker. Obviously not feeling like their relationship had grown apart, he then completely switches the argument on her , after destroying their â€Å"wedding temple,† By saying that he taught her a lesson of fear. He explains further in the end of the last stanza that the honor she lost in killing that flea, would be just as much honor lost if she were to engage in intercourse with him, since she obviously did not care about the death of the flea.He reiterates in his last statements that he is doing the exact same thing as the flea that took life from her. This concludes his not so romantic poem, but very interesting explanation of their situation. John’s poem is written in a clever way, unlike most of the poems people would read from Shakespeare’s century. He makes a good metaphysical connection between the flea and sex, and almost sounds like he denies the fact that he is really just trying hook up with her. If any girl was to be read this poem as a pickup line, and understand it, then they would probably be offended.This is why the poem cannot be read far too seriously when h e explains that the important subject of losing your virginity can be compared to the instinct of a flea, and dooms the poem to have you chuckling while you read it. However, when he ties everything up in the final stanza it turns into an eye opening poem. This was a very ingenious way to explain the feelings of the man in a relationship. The one who is trying to get the girl in the bed, but she fears all of the consequences.The connection he made between something as small and irrelevant as a flea being described into a deep elaborate though about love, and man’s thoughts just show his great writing skill. Works Cited Page Barnet, Sylvan, William Burto, and William E. Cain. A Little Literature: Reading/writing and Argument. New York: Pearson/Longman, 2007. Print. â€Å"John Donne â€Å"The Flea† and Persuasion† StudyMode. com. 10 2011. 10 2011 .

Turkey and the Eu

Representatives of the neo-liberal institutionalism see the ELI, therefore, as a strong indication that intergovernmental institutions can not only serve for security concerns of individual countries to maximize their relative profit. They can also develop a power structure independent of their members. A possible accession of Turkey to the ELI was always matter In Europe since the establishment of the SEC In the year 1957. No other candidate for an admission has ever caused so many controversial discussions.Despite the fact that every state agrees the process of the access negotiations there is still excellent a gig dispute whether if the Turkish admission politically is desirable or not. Negotiations were started on October 3rd 2005, and the process, should it be in Turkey's favor, is likely to take at least a decade to complete. The membership bid has become a major controversy of the ongoing enlargement of the European Union. This statement describes the line I want to follow and the topics on which I have done my research for this paper very well:† The pros and cons of Turkey EX. membership could span many pages.Against: Turkey is culturally very different; its ere capita GNP is a quarter the ELI average and Turkey could easily swallow up all the EX. development funds; EH legislation would cause very much internal resentment – as many could see It as conflicting with their religious laws; the country still has human rights Issues and hasn't recognized the genocide where over a million Armenian died. For: if Turkey could join the EH and all the issues above are resolved we would have a fantastically dynamic economy in Europe that may be able to help us balance off against the upcoming industrial super powers of China and India.Turkey would become more wealthy, secular, tolerant and open. The outcome is in the toss of a coin. † 1 The economic performance is one of the most important access criterion for Turkey even as the Copenhagen criter ia must not be fulfilled in total. In fact Turkey has as many inhabitants as Germany but has only one sixth of the German economic power The strongest argument is always, that an admission could open new markets In the east.From this point of view there are existing a couple of numbers that point out clearly, that a Turkish EH admission may not be affordable for the European Union: * Only the yearly agricultural subventions, which should generate same wealth in total cost of 16 to 28 billion Euros, which is approximately 15% of the EH- budget These amounts may not be financed, with regards to the bad financial situation of the other member states. As a consequence of this many of the existing areas already supported, would lose their benefits, which would lead to an unacceptable situation.Of course one must add, that these numbers are pure speculation and nobody can predict the exact numbers. Moreover after an accession of Turkey the EX. would gain lots of unpleasant neighbors, the central conflict regions of our planet full of unbelievable, unpredictable potentials of extremists. Thousands of miles of borders should be guarded to hold all the people that want to come from Asia, the Arabian peninsula, or maybe from Africa over Turkey to Europe. It is probably needless to say that this action also causes high costs.In addition Turkey as the biggest country in the European Union would have the same rank within the European institutions as Germany, Great Britain and France. That is to say the poorest country plays a dominant political role. On the other hand Turkey has 72 million inhabitants (it would be the most populated country of the EX. in 15 years), which means, that a very large nonuser-market would be developed. A number of investors would raise capital and cheap manpower which would result in a gain of economic productivity and prevent the migration of Turkish workers.In addition Turkey is a very important connection between the Caspian and Middle easter n energy sources and Europe. Several pipelines offer the EX. alternative energy routes, what will decrease the dependence from Russia. Nevertheless several articles have shown it is very unpredictable if the EX. would gain profit of a Turkey admission. Another interesting point with regards to the Turkish admission is the fear of the efferent religious settings ruling in Turkey, which causes different reactions in the ELI. 99% of the Turkish population is Muslim. 15 million Muslims are already living in the ELI. Millions of them live in Germany. Turkey would be the first Muslim-majority country to Join the European Union, although Albania, Bosnia and Herringbone and Spooks are also Muslim-majority, and have been recognized as potential candidate countries. Supporters of Turkey see the possible development of a European-Turkish- Islamic culture as a chance to split off Islam as a religious conviction from a political nomination system. They also argument, that we now have the unique chance to unite these cultures which is also a chance to show the people, that the impossible is possible.I don ‘t think that the Turkish membership is really necessary to demonstrate multiculturalism to the inside and cooperation willingness to countries of other cultural circles to the outside. Opponents of a Turkish accession argue that Turkey is in the Arabian world not as popular as one suspects, because the Arabs see Turkey still as colonial power. So Turkey is no bridge between the east and the west. In the EX. is the principle of free movement of goods and free movement of persons, which would also be applied on Turkey as an EX. member.This causes another fear in certain European countries. As I already mentioned 15 million Muslims are living in the ELI, from which the majority was not able to integrate very well. As a consequence important point for EX. citizens is also, that Turkey doses ‘t belong to Europe. With regards to Istanbul there is only a very small p art of turkey that belongs to Europe. The big cultural difference is a result of the fact that Turkey has never noticed the Jewish-Christian ethics, the renaissance or the Enlightenment, as a European never noticed the culture of harems.If the EX. accepts non-European countries it would also have to take in consideration the accession of other countries like Israel, Ukraine, Russia and White Russia. As a consequence of this it would be much more difficult to create a European identity, which is even in the actual situation a big problem. â€Å"l think that Turkey should be allowed into the EX. because of its long-standing historical goal of being integrated with the modern word as well as her historical ties with European countries.